Tobacco Use: The leading cause of cancer and cancer death worldwide. Tobacco smoke contains dozens of known carcinogens that directly damage DNA.

Diet and Obesity: Chronic inflammation caused by excess body fat alters hormone levels (like insulin and estrogen), which can fuel cell growth.

Alcohol Consumption: When the body breaks down alcohol, it turns into acetaldehyde, a toxic chemical that damages DNA and prevents body repairing it.

Lack of Physical Activity: Regular movement helps regulate hormones, boosts the immune system, and lowers inflammation

Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation: Sunlight and tanning beds damage skin cells, leading to skin cancers

Hepatitis B and C: These viruses cause chronic liver infections that can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A sexually transmitted virus responsible for almost all cervical cancers, as well as throat and other cancers